Tim's Teachers Vocabulary Mastery - Chapter 11

Section 1 Learn the Words

Word	Part of speech	Definition	Chinese	Example
abstain	verb	to deliberately choose not to do or take part in something	戒除；避免	Maya decided to abstain from voting because she had not studied the issue.
adversary	noun	a person or group that opposes or competes with another	对手；敌手	The chess champion respected her adversary despite their intense rivalry.
aloof	adjective	emotionally distant and not friendly or involved	冷漠的；疏远的	His aloof manner made the new students think he did not want to know them.
anecdotal	adjective	based on personal stories rather than systematic evidence	轶事性的；基于个人经历的	The claim sounded convincing, but its support was merely anecdotal.
antiquated	adjective	old-fashioned or no longer useful because something newer exists	陈旧的；过时的	The library replaced its antiquated computer system with modern equipment.
assertive	adjective	confident in expressing opinions or needs without being aggressive	自信坚定的；果断的	Nina was assertive when she explained why the team needed a different plan.
begrudge	verb	to resent someone for having or receiving something	嫉妒；不满	I do not begrudge Marcus his award because he worked hard to earn it.
brevity	noun	the quality of using few words or lasting only a short time	简洁；短暂	The audience appreciated the brevity of the principal's speech.
calculated	adjective	planned carefully to achieve a particular result	精心策划的；蓄意的	Her apparently casual remark was actually a calculated attempt to change the discussion.
comprehensive	adjective	including nearly everything necessary or relevant	全面的；综合的	The report offered a comprehensive review of the city's transportation problems.
controversial	adjective	causing strong disagreement or public debate	有争议的	The proposal became controversial because residents disagreed about its costs and benefits.
cynical	adjective	believing that people are mainly motivated by selfish interests	愤世嫉俗的；怀疑人性动机的	Leo was cynical about the donation and assumed the company only wanted publicity.
debilitate	verb	to make someone or something physically or mentally weaker	使衰弱；削弱	A prolonged illness can debilitate even a normally energetic athlete.
deceptive	adjective	giving a false impression or intended to mislead	欺骗性的；误导的	The calm surface was deceptive because a powerful current flowed underneath.
deter	verb	to discourage someone from acting by making the consequences seem risky or unpleasant	阻止；威慑	Visible security cameras may deter people from stealing.
discrepancy	noun	a difference between things that are expected to agree	差异；不一致	The accountant noticed a discrepancy between the receipt and the amount recorded.
dispassionate	adjective	not influenced by strong emotion and therefore able to judge fairly	冷静客观的；不带感情的	The mediator remained dispassionate while listening to both sides of the dispute.
divulge	verb	to reveal information that was previously secret or private	泄露；透露	The scientist refused to divulge the confidential results before publication.
exemplify	verb	to be a clear example of a quality, idea, or type	例证；体现	Her patience and fairness exemplify the qualities of an effective leader.
impeccable	adjective	without mistakes or faults; extremely well done	无可挑剔的；完美的	His research was impeccable, with every claim supported by reliable evidence.
indifferent	adjective	having little interest, concern, or preference	漠不关心的；无所谓的	She was indifferent to which movie they watched and let her friends decide.
insular	adjective	narrow in outlook because of limited experience with other people or ideas	思想狭隘的；孤立的	Travel challenged his insular view of cultures different from his own.
malicious	adjective	intending to harm or cause suffering to someone	恶意的；蓄意伤害的	The malicious rumor was invented specifically to damage the candidate's reputation.
nuanced	adjective	showing subtle differences or careful distinctions	细致微妙的；有层次的	Her nuanced analysis acknowledged strengths and weaknesses on both sides.
precarious	adjective	unstable or dangerous because it could easily become worse	不稳定的；危险的	The climber found himself in a precarious position on the narrow ledge.
relentless	adjective	continuing with great determination and not becoming weaker or less intense	坚持不懈的；持续强烈的	The relentless rain continued for three days without a meaningful break.
resolute	adjective	firmly determined and unwilling to give up	坚定的；坚决的	Despite repeated setbacks, the researchers remained resolute in their search for an answer.
steadfast	adjective	firm, loyal, and unwilling to change despite difficulty	坚定的；忠贞的	She remained steadfast in her support of her friend throughout the crisis.
venerate	verb	to regard someone or something with deep respect	尊敬；崇敬	Many citizens venerate the physician for decades of service to the community.
wary	adjective	careful and watchful because something may be dangerous or unreliable	谨慎的；警惕的	Consumers should be wary of offers that promise enormous rewards with no risk.

Section 2 Immediate Retrieval

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	What adjective describes confidently expressing your needs or opinions without being aggressive?	assertive	assertive	-
2	What adjective describes judgment that is calm and not controlled by emotion?	dispassionate	dispassionate	-
3	What verb means to discourage an action by making its risks or consequences unattractive?	deter	deter	-
4	What adjective describes someone firmly determined not to give up?	resolute	resolute	-
5	What adjective describes someone who assumes people usually act from selfish motives?	cynical	cynical	-
6	What adjective describes behavior deliberately intended to harm someone?	malicious	malicious	-
7	What noun names a person or group that competes against or opposes another?	adversary	adversary	-
8	What adjective describes something that creates a misleading impression?	deceptive	deceptive	-
9	What noun describes the quality of being brief in words or duration?	brevity	brevity	-
10	What adjective describes something so old-fashioned that newer methods have made it outdated?	antiquated	antiquated	-
11	What adjective describes someone who remains firmly loyal despite difficulty?	steadfast	steadfast	-
12	What verb means to resent another person's success or possessions?	begrudge	begrudge	-
13	What adjective describes an action deliberately planned to produce a particular result?	calculated	calculated	-
14	What noun means an unexpected difference between things that should agree?	discrepancy	discrepancy	-
15	What verb means to deliberately choose not to participate in or use something?	abstain	abstain	-
16	What adjective describes an explanation that recognizes subtle distinctions?	nuanced	nuanced	-
17	What adjective describes a situation that is dangerously unstable?	precarious	precarious	-
18	What adjective describes evidence based mainly on personal stories rather than systematic research?	anecdotal	anecdotal	-
19	What verb means to seriously weaken a person or thing?	debilitate	debilitate	-
20	What adjective describes someone who has little interest or preference?	indifferent	indifferent	-
21	What adjective describes work that is virtually without fault or error?	impeccable	impeccable	-
22	What adjective describes someone who seems emotionally distant and uninvolved?	aloof	aloof	-
23	What adjective describes an issue that produces strong public disagreement?	controversial	controversial	-
24	What adjective describes something that covers nearly all relevant parts of a subject?	comprehensive	comprehensive	-
25	What verb means to serve as a clear example of a quality or idea?	exemplify	exemplify	-
26	What adjective describes something that continues intensely without easing?	relentless	relentless	-
27	What verb means to reveal information that had been secret or private?	divulge	divulge	-
28	What adjective describes being watchful because something may be unsafe or unreliable?	wary	wary	-
29	What adjective describes a narrow outlook caused by limited contact with other ideas or people?	insular	insular	-
30	What verb means to regard someone or something with profound respect?	venerate	venerate	-

Section 3 Review from Earlier Chapters

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	The coach had to ______ the players for ignoring the safety instructions during practice.	admonish	admonish	-
2	Which word best completes the sentence? TL consistent TR ordinary BL typical BR aberrant	aberrant	aberrant	BR
3	Recall the earlier verb for reluctantly accepting another person's request or decision.	acquiesce	acquiesce	-
4	The debate became so ______ that both candidates began making bitter personal attacks.	acrimonious	acrimonious	-
5	Which word best completes the sentence? TL adamant TR indifferent BL uncertain BR flexible	adamant	adamant	TL
6	Recall the earlier verb for calming an angry or dissatisfied person.	appease	appease	-
7	Voter turnout remained low because many residents were ______ and showed little interest in the election.	apathetic	apathetic	-
8	Which word best completes the sentence? TL acrimonious TR resentful BL amicable BR hostile	amicable	amicable	BL
9	Recall the earlier adjective for handling a difficult situation skillfully and cleverly.	adroit	adroit	-
10	Before walking onto the stage for her first solo performance, Lena felt understandably ______.	apprehensive	apprehensive	-
11	Which word best completes the sentence? TL brief TR arduous BL simple BR effortless	arduous	arduous	TR
12	Recall the earlier adjective for someone pleasantly friendly and easy to approach.	affable	affable	-

Correct-answer positions: TL 1 / TR 1 / BL 1 / BR 1

Section 4 Context Practice

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	Although Priya wanted to win the final, she shook hands with her ______ after the match. TL colleague TR adversary BL mentor BR spectator	adversary	adversary	TR
2	The possibility of a large fine may ______ companies from dumping waste illegally. TL encourage TR compel BL permit BR deter	deter	deter	BR
3	After discovering several hidden fees, customers became ______ of the company's unusually cheap offers. TL confident TR indifferent BL enthusiastic BR wary	wary	wary	BR
4	Theo was ______ about the restaurant choice and said either option was fine. TL indifferent TR adroit BL opposed BR enthusiastic	indifferent	indifferent	TL
5	Evan was ______ about the celebrity's donation, insisting it was merely a publicity stunt. TL optimistic TR grateful BL cynical BR indifferent	cynical	cynical	BL
6	Employees were forbidden to ______ confidential details about the new product. TL affable TR divulge BL conceal BR analyze	divulge	divulge	TR
7	The firefighters worked through the ______ heat, which did not ease even after sunset. TL sporadic TR fleeting BL relentless BR moderate	relentless	relentless	BL
8	Rather than joining the conversation, the new manager remained ______ and spoke to almost no one. TL aloof TR affable BL assertive BR arduous	aloof	aloof	TL
9	After one support beam cracked, the platform was in a(n) ______ condition and could collapse at any moment. TL durable TR secure BL stable BR precarious	precarious	precarious	BR
10	Rather than declaring one side completely right, her ______ argument considered several competing interpretations. TL rigid TR nuanced BL simplistic BR admonish	nuanced	nuanced	TR
11	The volunteers ______ the generosity and commitment that the award was created to honor. TL oppose TR question BL conceal BR exemplify	exemplify	exemplify	BR
12	Before making a recommendation, the committee conducted a(n) ______ review of costs, risks, and benefits. TL superficial TR comprehensive BL apathetic BR selective	comprehensive	comprehensive	TR
13	Months without adequate food can ______ a population and make recovery difficult. TL restore TR energize BL debilitate BR strengthen	debilitate	debilitate	BL
14	A few stories from neighbors provide ______ support, but researchers need broader data. TL anecdotal TR statistical BL appease BR experimental	anecdotal	anecdotal	TL
15	Because both teams trusted her, the referee tried to remain ______ while reviewing the disputed play. TL enthusiastic TR sympathetic BL dispassionate BR indignant	dispassionate	dispassionate	BL
16	I cannot ______ Mia her promotion when she clearly earned it through years of excellent work. TL grant TR commend BL praise BR begrudge	begrudge	begrudge	BR
17	Investigators concluded that the false message was ______ because its author deliberately intended to ruin her reputation. TL malicious TR humorous BL impulsive BR careless	malicious	malicious	TL
18	Because the meeting had already run late, everyone appreciated the ______ of his closing remarks. TL clarity TR brevity BL amicable BR intensity	brevity	brevity	TR

Correct-answer positions: TL 4 / TR 5 / BL 4 / BR 5

Section 5 Semantic Discrimination

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	After repeated failures, an inventor firmly refuses to abandon the project. Which adjective best describes her attitude? TL amicable TR persistent BL confident BR resolute	resolute	resolute	BR
2	A student calmly states that teammates must divide the work fairly, without threatening or insulting anyone. Which adjective fits best? TL forceful TR aggressive BL assertive BR adamant	assertive	assertive	BL
3	A lake appears shallow because the water is exceptionally clear, but it is actually very deep. Which adjective best describes its appearance? TL ambiguous TR deceptive BL misleading BR uncertain	deceptive	deceptive	TR
4	A new rule causes intense public debate, with large groups strongly supporting and opposing it. Which adjective fits best? TL controversial TR partisan BL radical BR unpopular	controversial	controversial	TL
5	A friend continues giving loyal support throughout years of hardship and criticism. Which adjective is most precise? TL steadfast TR acquiesce BL dependable BR resolute	steadfast	steadfast	TL
6	At a meeting, Jonah deliberately chooses not to vote because he has a personal conflict of interest. Which verb best describes his choice? TL appease TR hesitate BL abstain BR withdraw	abstain	abstain	BL
7	Two official records should show the same total, but one says 742 and the other says 724. Which noun is most precise? TL error TR discrepancy BL contradiction BR variation	discrepancy	discrepancy	TR
8	An editor checks a manuscript repeatedly and finds no factual, grammatical, or formatting errors. Which adjective fits best? TL excellent TR accurate BL polished BR impeccable	impeccable	impeccable	BR
9	A politician times an announcement specifically to dominate the evening news. Which adjective best describes the decision? TL arduous TR calculated BL strategic BR deliberate	calculated	calculated	TR
10	A group dismisses outside ideas largely because its members rarely interact with anyone beyond their own community. Which adjective fits best? TL exclusive TR provincial BL insular BR isolated	insular	insular	BL
11	A community treats a historic leader with profound and enduring respect. Which verb best describes its attitude? TL venerate TR honor BL admire BR praise	venerate	venerate	TL
12	An office still relies on equipment that modern technology made obsolete decades ago. Which adjective is most precise? TL historic TR traditional BL conventional BR antiquated	antiquated	antiquated	BR

Correct-answer positions: TL 3 / TR 3 / BL 3 / BR 3

Section 6 Synonyms

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box	Notes
S1	BEGRUDGE: TL resent TR grant BL admire BR regret	resent	begrudge	TL	Regret involves sadness about something, while begrudge involves resentment toward another's advantage.
S2	PRECARIOUS: TL permanent TR unstable BL secure BR precise	unstable	precarious	TR	Precise begins similarly but means exact rather than dangerously unstable.
S3	INDIFFERENT: TL unconcerned TR devoted BL eager BR different	unconcerned	indifferent	TL	Different shares the spelling but means unlike, not lacking concern.
S4	COMPREHENSIVE: TL comprehensible TR thorough BL partial BR brief	thorough	comprehensive	TR	Comprehensible looks similar but means understandable, not broad in coverage.
S5	DETER: TL permit TR detour BL discourage BR encourage	discourage	deter	BL	Detour resembles deter in sound but means an alternate route.
S6	RELENTLESS: TL sporadic TR merciful BL relenting BR unyielding	unyielding	relentless	BR	Relenting shares the root but means becoming less severe, the opposite of relentless.
S7	NUANCED: TL subtle TR simplistic BL obvious BR neutral	subtle	nuanced	TL	Neutral can describe a balanced position, but nuanced means recognizing fine distinctions.
S8	DEBILITATE: TL debate TR strengthen BL weaken BR restore	weaken	debilitate	BL	Debate resembles the beginning of debilitate but has no connection to weakening.
S9	DISCREPANCY: TL accuracy TR inconsistency BL discretion BR agreement	inconsistency	discrepancy	TR	Discretion looks similar but means careful judgment or the freedom to decide.
S10	EXEMPLIFY: TL complicate TR conceal BL simplify BR illustrate	illustrate	exemplify	BR	Simplify shares part of the spelling but means make easier, not serve as an example.
S11	ASSERTIVE: TL uncertain TR aggressive BL confident BR passive	confident	assertive	BL	Aggressive is tempting, but assertive confidence does not require hostility.
S12	INSULAR: TL narrow-minded TR cosmopolitan BL inclusive BR isolated	narrow-minded	insular	TL	Isolated is related because isolation can produce an insular outlook, but it does not itself mean narrow-minded.
S13	ANECDOTAL: TL systematic TR identical BL statistical BR personal	personal	anecdotal	BR	Experimental is related to evidence, but anecdotal evidence comes from personal accounts rather than controlled testing.
S14	DECEPTIVE: TL truthful TR misleading BL perceptive BR obvious	misleading	deceptive	TR	Perceptive sounds related but describes keen understanding rather than something that misleads.
S15	ALOOF: TL lofty TR distant BL alert BR friendly	distant	aloof	TR	Lofty can suggest height or superiority, but it does not specifically mean emotionally distant.
S16	DISPASSIONATE: TL passionate TR enthusiastic BL emotional BR impartial	impartial	dispassionate	BR	Passionate shares the root but means strongly emotional, nearly the opposite here.
S17	ABSTAIN: TL indulge TR retain BL refrain BR attain	refrain	abstain	BL	Participate is tempting because it concerns involvement, but it means to take part rather than deliberately refrain.
S18	RESOLUTE: TL determined TR wavering BL uncertain BR resolved	determined	resolute	TL	Resolved is closely related in form, but in this set determined most directly matches the adjective's sense.
S19	MALICIOUS: TL spiteful TR benevolent BL careless BR malodorous	spiteful	malicious	TL	Careless actions may cause harm, but malicious actions involve an intention to harm.
S20	IMPECCABLE: TL faulty TR flawless BL implacable BR acceptable	flawless	impeccable	TR	Implacable looks similar but means impossible to calm or satisfy.
S21	ANTIQUATED: TL modern TR ancient BL obsolete BR adequate	obsolete	antiquated	BL	Ancient means very old, but something antiquated is specifically outdated or no longer suitable.
S22	CYNICAL: TL trusting TR cheerful BL clinical BR distrustful	distrustful	cynical	BR	Clinical sounds somewhat similar but refers to medical or detached analysis, not distrust of motives.
S23	WARY: TL careless TR confident BL weary BR cautious	cautious	wary	BR	Weary sounds similar but means tired rather than watchful.
S24	CALCULATED: TL accidental TR deliberate BL reckless BR numerical	deliberate	calculated	TR	Numerical relates to calculation in mathematics, but calculated here means deliberately planned.
S25	VENERATE: TL despise TR tolerate BL revere BR generate	revere	venerate	BL	Generate looks similar but means produce or create, not regard with deep respect.
S26	BREVITY: TL conciseness TR length BL gravity BR clarity	conciseness	brevity	TL	Clarity is desirable in brief writing but means ease of understanding rather than shortness.
S27	ADVERSARY: TL opponent TR ally BL advocate BR adviser	opponent	adversary	TL	Adversity looks similar but means hardship, not a person who opposes you.
S28	CONTROVERSIAL: TL contrary TR conventional BL accepted BR disputed	disputed	controversial	BR	Contrary suggests opposition, but controversial means provoking disagreement or debate.
S29	STEADFAST: TL fickle TR stationary BL loyal BR temporary	loyal	steadfast	BL	Stationary suggests staying in one place, but steadfast refers to firm loyalty or commitment.
S30	DIVULGE: TL protect TR reveal BL divert BR conceal	reveal	divulge	TR	Divert looks somewhat similar but means to redirect rather than disclose information.

Correct-answer positions: TL 8 / TR 8 / BL 7 / BR 7

Section 7 Cumulative Reading

The Future of Bellweather Hall — target words used in the passage: antiquated, precarious, controversial, exemplify, insular, cynical, anecdotal, dispassionate, comprehensive, assertive, adversary, discrepancy, deceptive, impeccable, deter, resolute, steadfast, nuanced, wary, divulge, brevity, aloof, relentless, debilitate

Section 8 Reading & Application

#	Prompt	Answer	Box	Notes
1	Why does Elena Park request an engineering report before supporting either side? TL She already favors demolition and wants evidence to justify it. TR She hopes the engineers will negotiate privately with donors. BL She wants to delay the vote until public interest disappears. BR She wants the decision to rely on systematic evidence rather than stories and emotion.	She wants the decision to rely on systematic evidence rather than stories and emotion.	BR	Passage: “She requested a comprehensive engineering report rather than relying on personal stories or emotional appeals.”
2	What most directly changes the council's understanding of the cost of preserving Bellweather Hall? TL Preservation advocates withdraw their original proposal. TR A development company offers to purchase the property. BL A detailed inspection uncovers hidden structural damage and a much higher repair cost. BR Reporters reveal details of private donor negotiations.	A detailed inspection uncovers hidden structural damage and a much higher repair cost.	BL	Passage: “Earlier estimates had placed repairs at two million dollars, but a detailed inspection raised the figure to nearly five million.”
3	What does Park's final proposal suggest about her approach to the conflict? TL She has become indifferent to the concerns of both groups. TR She tries to preserve important historical features while addressing practical safety needs. BL She believes historical concerns should always outweigh financial ones. BR She thinks the original building should be replaced completely.	She tries to preserve important historical features while addressing practical safety needs.	TR	Passage: “The town would preserve the historic exterior and main assembly room while replacing unsafe additions with efficient new facilities.”
4	How does the outcome support the passage's final idea about disagreement?	The town's opposing groups do not fully agree, but they accept a compromise and begin working together, showing that conflict can lead to cooperation when people consider evidence and adjust their positions.	-	Passage: “Even residents who had initially been aloof from the debate began volunteering for the restoration campaign.” Model response: The town's opposing groups do not fully agree, but they accept a compromise and begin working together, showing that conflict can lead to cooperation when people consider evidence and adjust their positions.
5	Describe a situation in which a person should be assertive while also remaining wary.	A student negotiating an online purchase should be assertive about asking for clear terms while remaining wary of a seller who refuses to provide basic information.	-	Model response: A student negotiating an online purchase should be assertive about asking for clear terms while remaining wary of a seller who refuses to provide basic information.
6	Write about a difficult goal and explain how these words could describe someone's response to the challenge.	A runner recovering from an injury might remain resolute about returning to competition, steadfast in following a rehabilitation plan, and relentless in completing daily exercises.	-	Model response: A runner recovering from an injury might remain resolute about returning to competition, steadfast in following a rehabilitation plan, and relentless in completing daily exercises.
7	Describe how someone could improve a weak argument by moving from anecdotal evidence to a more comprehensive and nuanced analysis.	Instead of relying on one student's anecdotal account of homework stress, a researcher could gather comprehensive data from many students and present a nuanced analysis showing that workload affects different students in different ways.	-	Model response: Instead of relying on one student's anecdotal account of homework stress, a researcher could gather comprehensive data from many students and present a nuanced analysis showing that workload affects different students in different ways.

Correct-answer positions: TL 0 / TR 1 / BL 1 / BR 1

Section 9 Final Retrieval

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	What word describes support drawn from individual stories instead of systematic evidence?	anecdotal	anecdotal	-
2	Which verb means to provide a particularly clear example of a quality?	exemplify	exemplify	-
3	What verb means to feel resentment because someone else has received something desirable?	begrudge	begrudge	-
4	Which adjective describes someone who stays watchful because a situation may involve danger or deception?	wary	wary	-
5	Which word describes a person who deliberately keeps an emotional distance from others?	aloof	aloof	-
6	What verb means to make previously confidential information known?	divulge	divulge	-
7	What adjective describes work so carefully done that no faults can be found?	impeccable	impeccable	-
8	What verb means to treat a person or institution with profound respect?	venerate	venerate	-
9	Which adjective describes a position that is insecure and could become dangerous quickly?	precarious	precarious	-
10	What adjective describes a treatment of a subject that covers nearly all important aspects?	comprehensive	comprehensive	-
11	Which adjective describes having no strong interest in or preference between choices?	indifferent	indifferent	-
12	What noun describes effective shortness in speech or writing?	brevity	brevity	-
13	What adjective describes thinking that recognizes fine distinctions rather than oversimplifying?	nuanced	nuanced	-
14	Which word describes a proposal that generates serious disagreement among people?	controversial	controversial	-
15	Name the verb for making someone substantially weaker or less capable.	debilitate	debilitate	-
16	What noun describes a mismatch between two figures or accounts that should correspond?	discrepancy	discrepancy	-
17	What adjective describes an appearance that causes people to believe something untrue?	deceptive	deceptive	-
18	Which verb means to make someone less likely to act because of possible negative consequences?	deter	deter	-
19	Name the word for deliberately declining to take part in an activity or choice.	abstain	abstain	-
20	Which adjective describes loyalty or commitment that remains firm through hardship?	steadfast	steadfast	-
21	Which adjective describes behavior carefully planned for a desired effect?	calculated	calculated	-
22	What adjective describes a person whose determination remains firm despite opposition?	resolute	resolute	-
23	What word identifies the person or side you are competing against?	adversary	adversary	-
24	What adjective describes an outlook limited by little exposure to people or ideas outside one's own group?	insular	insular	-
25	What adjective describes the belief that supposedly generous actions are probably motivated by self-interest?	cynical	cynical	-
26	Which adjective describes an act performed with the intention of hurting someone?	malicious	malicious	-
27	What adjective describes pressure or effort that continues intensely without easing?	relentless	relentless	-
28	Which adjective describes an evaluation made without allowing emotion to control the judgment?	dispassionate	dispassionate	-
29	Which word describes communicating your position confidently without becoming hostile?	assertive	assertive	-
30	Name the word for a method or object that has become outdated as newer alternatives developed.	antiquated	antiquated	-